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Swan Valley Massacre of 1908
The Swan Valley Massacre was an incident in 1908 in which a hunting party of four Pend d'Oreilles Indians were killed by a state game warden and his deputy in the Swan Valley in Northwestern Montana. This confrontation was due in part to the state of Montana not honoring off-reservation hunting permits. There was miscommunication between the Pend d'Oreilles and the game warden regarding their right to hunt outside reservation boundaries.
==Background==
The Bitterroot Salish (Flathead) and Pend d’Oreilles (Kalispel) tribes of the Northern Rocky Mountain (Plateau) region of the Western United States had occupied, and hunted and gathered in the area around Flathead Lake. The Salish were known to war with the Blackfeet and Shoshone. With the rise of the fur trade in the late eighteenth century, many Salish and Pend d’Oreilles became involved as trappers and traders. The Salish were visited by the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1805 in which they traded gifts of goods and horses.
The Jesuits, Catholic missionaries, came to live among the Salish in the Bitterroot Valley in the early 19th century and built a church. During the Steven’s Treaty era, Washington Territory Governor Isaac Stevens called the Salish, Pend d’Oreilles, and Ksanka Band of Kootenai together in 1855 to negotiate the Hellgate Treaty. This treaty with the U.S. Government established a reservation and a peaceful confederation of these tribes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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